How HLA Humanized Mice Are Transforming Preclinical Research and Immunotherapy
How does the immune system distinguish friend from foe? Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs) are key players in this process, acting as molecular “spotlights” that present peptide antigens to immune cells, triggering antibody production and the elimination of abnormal cells.
HLA molecules are classified into two types:
- HLA Class I: Expressed on nearly all nucleated cells, these molecules present endogenous peptides, such as those derived from intracellular pathogens or tumor cells, to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells.
- HLA Class II: Found on antigen-presenting cells (e.g., dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells), these molecules present exogenous peptides, originating from extracellular pathogens, to CD4+ helper T cells.
Together, these HLA molecules not only form a versatile defense system against a wide range of threats, but also underpin advancements in modern medicine, shaping the effectiveness of vaccines and cutting-edge immunotherapies designed to harness the immune system to combat disease.
Advancements and Applications of HLA Humanized Mice
HLA humanized mice are transformative tools in immunological research. Engineered to express human HLA genes in place of their murine counterparts, these models enable the study of human-like immune responses in vivo, offering a clinically relevant platform for studying immune mechanisms and evaluating therapies in preclinical research.
Biocytogen has developed a comprehensive suite of HLA humanized mice in both C57BL/6 and immunodeficient B-NDG backgrounds, facilitating preclinical testing of immune therapies, including cancer immunotherapies and vaccines, with high translational value. They are also pivotal for studying specific HLA alleles in autoimmune disease mechanisms and antigen-driven T-cell responses.
Case Study: B-HLA-A2.1 Mice
Biocytogen’s B-HLA-A2.1 mice express human α1 and α2 domains, which form the peptide-binding groove and determine antigen specificity, along with human β2-microglobulin, which ensures the structural integrity of the groove. This model generates robust immune responses that closely mimic those of humans to both peptide and mRNA vaccines, making it an excellent platform for evaluating vaccine candidates.
HLA Humanized Mice on a C57BL/6 Background Available at Biocytogen
HLA Humanized Mice on a B-NDG Immunodeficient Background Available at Biocytogen
What’s Beyond
By helping to bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical studies, HLA humanized mice facilitate the development of safer and more effective therapies, advancing progress in immunology and beyond. Biocytogen not only provides cutting-edge humanized models but also offers comprehensive pharmacological services using these models. Contact us today to learn how our HLA-related products and services can accelerate your drug discovery journey!
