Basic Information
Description
Toll-like receptor 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR9 gene. TLR9 has also been designated as CD289 (cluster of differentiation 289). It is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family. TLR9 is an important receptor expressed in immune system cells including dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and other antigen presenting cells. TLR9 preferentially binds DNA present in bacteria and viruses, and triggers signaling cascades that lead to a pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Cancer, infection, and tissue damage can all modulate TLR9 expression and activation. TLR9 is also an important factor in autoimmune diseases, and there is active research into synthetic TLR9 agonists and antagonists that help regulate autoimmune inflammation.
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Details
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Protein expression analysis in B cells
Strain specific TLR9 expression analysis in heterozygous B-hTLR9 mice by flow cytometry. Splenocytes were collected from WT and heterozygous B-hTLR9 (H/+) mice, and analyzed by flow cytometry with species-specific anti-TLR9 antibody. Mouse TLR9 was detectable in WT mice and heterozygous B-hTLR9. Human TLR9 was exclusively detectable in heterozygous B-hTLR9 but not WT mice.
Protein expression analysis in DC cells
Strain specific TLR9 expression analysis in heterozygous B-hTLR9 mice by flow cytometry. Splenocytes were collected from WT and heterozygous B-hTLR9 (H/+) mice, and analyzed by flow cytometry with species-specific anti-TLR9 antibody. Mouse TLR9 was detectable in WT mice and heterozygous B-hTLR9. Human TLR9 was exclusively detectable in heterozygous B-hTLR9 but not WT mice.
Protein expression analysis in macrophages
Strain specific TLR9 expression analysis in heterozygous B-hTLR9 mice by flow cytometry. Splenocytes were collected from WT and heterozygous B-hTLR9 (H/+) mice, and analyzed by flow cytometry with species-specific anti-TLR9 antibody. Mouse TLR9 was detectable in WT mice and heterozygous B-hTLR9. Human TLR9 was exclusively detectable in heterozygous B-hTLR9 but not WT mice.
